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Research uncovers the impact of dress codes


boy in school uniform

Uniforms have long been a topic of debate in schools and while they are often seen to promote discipline and unity, new research suggests they can lead to discrimination and inequality.

Associate Professor Wendy Cumming-Potvin from the School of Education has undertaken research into traditional dress codes that presents a compelling case for disrupting the status quo.

Published in Science Direct, International Journal of Educational Research, her paper investigated the impact of uniform policies on gender and sexual identities.

The research showed that school dress codes and uniforms sustain gender binaries, while overshadowing diverse gender and sexual identities. Given the length of time that students spend in formal schooling and the impact institutional bodies have on children, the impact of dress codes can’t be ignored.

Taking a queer, transgender and feminist perspective, the paper highlighted the experience of gender, sexuality, and race at both individual and structural levels. Research findings emphasised the need for inclusive policies and practices to support gender equity and diversity in schools for the wellbeing of our children.

Key findings included that dress codes and uniforms can normalise misogyny, homophobia, transphobia and racism and that adherence to societal norms in this area is linked to systemic power.

Recommendations include engaging students in policy planning for dress codes and uniforms, rather than reacting retrospectively to individual cases of discrimination, and undertaking policy changes to embrace a trans-affirmative and gender complex approach. 

The research also emphasised the need for appropriate professional development for teachers and highlighted their complex role in advocating for gender diversity and helping to create expanded versions of boyhood and girlhood.