[1] See for example, Christopher N Kendall, Australia's New Internet Censorship Regime: Is this Progress?' (1999) 1(3) Digital Technology Law Journal http://wwwlaw.murdoch.edu.au/dtlj/1999/vol1_3/kendall_abstract.html
[2] For example, Ina Bertrand, Film Censorship in Australia (St. Lucia: University of Queensland Press, 1978), and Diana Collins, 'Cinema and Society, 1920-1939', PhD Thesis (University of Sydney 1975).
[3] Neville Hunnings, Film Censors and The Law (London: George, Allen and Unwin Press, 1967) p.286.
[4] Ibid
[5] Ibid
[6] West Australian, (hereafter cited as W.A.) 21 November 1896.
[7] W.A. 23 November 1896.
[8] W.A. 24 November 1896.
[9] Morning Herald, (hereafter cited as M.H.) 23 November 1896.
[10] M.H. 14 December 1896.
[11] W.A. 1 January 1905 and Diana Collins, Hollywood Down Under (New South Wales: Angus and Robertson, 1987), p.5.
[12] W.A. 12 November 1900.
[13] Sample taken by examining the first seven papers for each month. W.A. January-June 1909.
[14] Bertrand, p.14.
[15] Collins, 'Cinema and Society..', p.241.
[16] W.A. 19 November 1900.
[17] W.A. 13 January 1909.
[18] W.A. 1 June 1909.
[19] W.A. 1 June 1909.
[20] Sample taken from week one of January, February , March. W.A. January-March 1920.
[21] W.A. 3 January 1920.
[22] W.A. 3 January 1920.
[23] W.A. 5 January 1920.
[24] W.A. 1 April 1909.
[25] W.A. 1 January 1920.
[26] Garth Jowett, Film: The Democratic Art (Boston: Little Brown and Company, 1976), p.141.
[27] Ibid. p.141.
[28] Ian Turner '1914-1919' in F. Crowley, ed A New History of Australia (Melbourne: Heinemann Publishers, 1984), p.352.
[29] Ibid. p.354.
[30] Jill Matthews, Good and Mad Women (Sydney: George Allen and Unwin, 1984) p.76.
[31] Ibid. p.79.
[32] Jowett, p.142.
[33] John Tulloch, Australian Cinema Industry Narrative and Meaning (Sydney: George Allen and Unwin, 1982), p.4.
[34] Ruth Megaw, 'American Influence on Australian Cinema Management, 189601923, in A. Moran and T. O'Regan eds, An Australian Film Reader (Sydney: Currency Press, 1985), pp.28-29.
[35] Ibid. p.29.
[36] Ibid.
[37] W.A. 23 January 1909.
[38] W.A. 31 December 1908.
[39] Letter from Leonora, 29 January 1912. Colonial Secretary's File No. 2294. 'Appointment of a Censor', Vol. 1. Call No. 752, AN 24 (Battye Library, Perth, W.A.).
[40] Letter from clergy and laity of Rural Deanery of Bunbury, 9 February 1912. Colonial Secretary's File No. 2294.
[41] Letter from Ministerial Society of Northam, 27 June 1912. Colonial Secretary's File No. 2294.
[42] Record 4 February 1912, p.10. See also 7 July 1917, p.12.
[43] See Record 11 November 1911, p.1, and 22 June 1912, p.1.
[44] Collins, Hollywood Down Under, p.185.
[45] N. Grieve and P. Grimshaw, (eds), Australian Women: Feminist Perspectives (Melbourne, Oxford University Press, 1981), pp.156-157.
[46] West Australian 30 May 1920.
[47] Colonial Secretary's File No. 2294.
[48] Letter from National Council of Women, 12 July 1916. Signatures on letter: St. Andrews Guild, Wesley Guild, Trinity Church Guild, Women's Christian Temperance Union, Australian Natives Association, Women's Service Guild, British Immigrants Association, Children's Protection Society, Ministering Children's League, Time and Talent Club, Karrakatta Club, Kindergarten Union, Silver Chain, Claremont District Nurses Society, Women's Liberal League, Labour Women's Club, Mothers' Union, Girls Friendly Society, Charity Organisation Society, Salvation Army, Braille Writers' Association, Public Morals Association, House of Mercy, Australian Freedom League, Farmers and Settlers Association, Colonial Secretary's File No. 2294.
[49] Letter from National Council of Women, 1 August 1912. Colonial Secretary's File No. 2294.
[50] Minutes of deputation to the Colonial Secretary, 8 November 1912. Colonial Secretary's File No. 2294.
[51] Minutes of deputation to Colonial Secretary from Women's Conference, 1 August 1912. Colonial Secretary's File No. 2294.
[52] Report from Commissioner of Police, 6 March 1912. Colonial Secretary's File No. 2294.
[53] Letter to Colonial Secretary, 26 August 1912. Colonial Secretary's Files No. 739. 'Adoption of Uniform Laws throughout the Commonwealth.' AN 24, Call No. 752. (Perth: Battye Library.)
[54] Letter to Premier, 30 August 1912. Colonial Secretary's File No. 739.
[55] Letter from Under Secretary, 15 July 1912. Colonial Secretary's File No. 2294.
[56] Bertrand, p.2.
[57] G.S. Reid and M. Oliver, Premiers of Western Australia 18900-1982 (Perth: University of Western Australia Press, 1982), p.381.
[58] Letter from the industry, 15 February 1913. Colonial Secretary's File No. 739.
[59] Collins, Hollywood Down Under, p. 51.
[60] Letter from Mothers' Union of Anglican Diocese of Perth. 18 May 1916. Colonial Secretary's File No. 2294.
[61] W.A. 30 May 1912.
[62] Report to Commissioner of Police, 6 March 1912. Colonial Secretary's File No. 2294.
[63] Report to the Commissioner of Police, 18 May 1916. Colonial Secretary's File No.2294.
[64] Editorial in W.A. 2 June 1916.
[65] 1 June 1916. Colonial Secretary's File No. 2294.
[66] Letter from the Public Questions Committee, 20 June 1916. Colonial Secretary's File No.2294.
[67] Letter to National Council of Women, 20 October 1916. Colonial Secretary's File No.2294.
[68] Reid and Oliver, p. 381.
[69] Minutes from deputation of Motion Picture Proprietors, 5 January 1917. Colonial Secretary's files No. 739.
[70] Letter to the Premier 28 December 1912. Colonial Secretary's File No. 2294.
[71] 5 January 1917. Colonial Secretary's File No. 739.
[72] Bertrand, p.48.
[73] Kalgoorlie Miner 13 March 1918.
[74] See 27 June 1921. Colonial Secretary's File No. 2294.
[75] Report from National Council of Women, 1 December 1920. Colonial Secretary's Files No. 2294.
[76] Letter from Elizabeth Mellows, 27 June 1921. Colonial Secretary's Files No. 2294.
[77] Report in the West Australian from Justice's Association, 14 March 1923.
[78] Letter from Justice's Association, 30 May 1921. Colonial Secretary's File No. 2294.
[79] Ibid.
[80] Report from the Advisory Committee of the League of Nations, April 1925. Colonial Secretary's Files No. 2294.
[81] Daily News 21 February 1923.
[82] Survey taken from the first week of the first three months of 1918-1923 in the West Australian.
[83] See G. Jowett, p.85.
[84] P. Cashen, 'The Truant as Delinquent: the Psychological Perspective, South Australia, 1920-1940'. Journal of Australian Studies, 16 May 1985, p.79.
[85] G. Davison, 'The city-bred child and urban reform in Melbourne 1900-1940' in P. Williams (ed.) Social Processes in the City (Sydney, 1983) p. 146.
[86] W.A. 8 July 1921.
[87] Letter from Probation Officer, 7 March 1925. Colonial Secretary's Files No. 2294.
[88] K. Thompson, Exporting Entertainment (London: British Film Institute, 11985) p.55.
[89] D. Collins, p.32.
[90] Ibid. p.67.
[91] Ibid. p.114.
[92] Ibid, p.37.
[93] Ibid, p.116.
[94] For example, 27 May 1921. Colonial Secretary's Files No. 2294.
[95] Letter from Citizen's Vigilance Committee, 20 June 1917. Colonial Secretary's File No. 2294.
[96] Report of deputation from National Council of Women, 27 May 1921. Colonial Secretary's File No. 2294.
[97] Report from Customs and Excise Office, 27 March 1923. Colonial Secretary's File No. 739.
[98] Letter from Commonwealth Censor, 3 April 1923. Colonial Secretary's File No. 739.
[99] Report from the Advisory Committee of the Council of the League of Nations, April 1925. Colonial Secretary's File No. 2294.
[100] Letter from the exhibitors of W.A. 4 July 1921. Colonial Secretary's File No. 729.
[101] Letters from exhibitors, 4 July 1921. Colonial Secretary's File No. 739.
[102] Minutes from Conference, 18 August 1926. Colonial Secretary's Files No. 739.
[103] Letter from Prime Minister, 15 May 1918. Colonial Secretary's File No. 739.
[104] The Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900. Part V.
[105] Memo to Commissioner of Police 15 May 1918. Colonial Secretary's File No. 739.
[106] Letter from Colonial Secretary 27 May 1921. Colonial Secretary's File No. 739.
[107] Bertrand, p.58, and Collins, Hollywood Down Under, p.15.
[108] Report of the Royal Commission into the Moving Picture Industry in 1927-1928, Commonwealth Parliamentary Papers 1927/8 p. 1375.
[109] Western Australian Minutes of Evidence from the Royal Commission into the Moving Picture Industry. (Hereafter R.C.E.) Held in the Australian national Library, Canberra.
[110] Evidence from T. Anthoness, Kalgoorlie, 8 August 1927, R.C.E. p.464.
[111] Ibid.
[112] Evidence of Ruby Nelson, Kalgoorlie, 8 August 1927. R.C.E. p.469.
[113] Summary of views of all exhibitors from evidence. R.C.E. p.464-525.
[114] Evidence of W. Washington, Perth, 9 August 1927. R.C.E. p.470.
[115] Summary of material from R.C.E. p.464-525.
[116] Evidence from J. Earles, 11 August 1927. R.C.E. p.494-495.
[117] Ibid.
[118] Ibid.
[119] Evidence from T. Smith, 15 August 1927. R.C.E. p.505.
[120] Ibid.
[121] Evidence from Dr. Jull, 15 August 1927. R.C.E. p.512.
[122] Ibid.
[123] Evidence from G. Wardrop, 16 August 1927. R.C.E. p.523.
[124] Evidence from A. Bulley, 16 August 1927. R.C.E. p.516.
[125] Evidence from Rev. Bird, 16 August 1927. R.C.E. p.510.
[126] See R.C.E. pp.464-524.
[127] Evidence from E. Cowan, 11 August 1927. R.C.E. p.482.
[128] Ibid.
[129] Ibid.
[130] Bertrand, p.86.
[131] Evidence from Edith Cowan, 11 August 1927. R.C.E. p.482.
[132] Evidence from E. Rose, 16 August 1927. R.C.E. p.508.
[133] Ibid.
[134] Evidence from R. Pratt, 16 August 1927. R.C.E. p.510.
[135] Report of Royal Commission, pp. 1379-1405.
[136] Ibid. pp.4-8, 18-20.
[137] Tulloch, p.56.
[138]
Ibid. p.86.
[139] See Commonwealth Constitution s(xxvii).