Notes

[1] Bernard Schwartz, A History of The Supreme Court 192 (1993).

[2] Id. at 190.

[3] Adam J. Hirsch, Searching Inside Justice Holmes, 82 Va. L. Rev. 385, 390 (1996) (reviewing G. Edward White, Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes: Law and the Inner Self (1993)). In footnote 32 of his book review, Mr. Hirsch cites and provided a critical perspective consistent with this article. He quoted H.L. Mencken and wrote:

My suspicion is that the hopeful Liberals of the 20s, frantically eager to find at least one judge who was not violently and implacably against them, seized upon certain of Mr. Justice Holmes's opinions . . . and read into them an attitude that was actually . . . foreign to his way of thinking . . . . Finding him, now and then, defending eloquently a new and uplifting law which his colleagues proposed to strike off the books, they concluded that he was a sworn advocate of the rights of man. But all the while, if I do not misread his plain words, he was actually no more than an advocate of the rights of lawmakers. There, indeed, is the clue to his whole jurisprudence . . . .

[4] U.S. Const. amend. I.; U.S. Const. amend. XIV.

[5] See infra notes 46, 47, 48, 49, and 87 for some of the Fourteenth and First Amendment cases Justice Holmes is most noted for.

[6] See supra note 3 for discussion regarding the appearance of Holmes when viewed through Progressive glasses.

[7] Gary J. Aichele, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.: Soldier, Scholar, Judge 1-2 (1989).

[8] Hirsch, supra note 3, at 386.

[9] Aichele, supra note 7, at 170-71.

[10] Hirsch, supra note 3, at 386-88.

[11] Id. at 386.

[12] Id.

[13] Id.

[14] Id.

[15] Aichele, supra note 7, at 167.

[16] Id.

[17] Id. at 168; Hirsch, supra note 3, at 386.

[18] Hirsch, supra note 3, at 386.

[19] Id.

[20] Id. at 387.

[21] Id. at 397 (citing G. Edward White, Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes: Law and the Inner Self 206 (1993)).

[22] Aichele, supra note 7, at 168.

[23] Id.

[24] Id.; Schwartz, supra note 1, at 191.

[25] Aichele, supra note 7, at 168.

[26] Id. at 169.

[27] Schwartz, supra note 1, at 191.

[28] Oliver Wendell Holmes, The Common Law (1881).

[29] Schwartz, supra note 1, at 191.

[30] Id. at 191, 144-45.

[31] Holmes, supra note 28, at 1.

[32] Schwartz, supra note 1, at 191, 219-21, 244-45.

[33] Aichele, supra note 7, at 169.

[34] Id.

[35] Id. at 169-70.

[36] Id. at 170.

[37] Schwartz, supra note 1, at 191 (quoting Bartlett, Familiar Quotations 519 (15th ed. 1980)).

[38] Schwartz, supra note 1, at 209-21.

[39] See infra notes 46, 47, 48, 49, and 87, and the corresponding cases therein, for examples of the liberating social issues that came before the Supreme Court during Justice Holmes' career.

[40] Hirsch, supra note 3, at 386.

[41] Schwartz, supra note 1, at 221.

[42] Id. at 174-75.

[43] Adam Smith, An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (2d ed. 1880); Herbert Spencer, Social Statics; or, The Conditions Essential to Human Happiness Specified, and the First of Them Developed (1851).

[44] Schwartz, supra note 1, at 184.

[45] See infra notes 46, 47, 48, and 49 for examples of these cases.

[46] Lochner v. New York, 198 U.S 45 (1905).

[47] Hammer v. Dagenhart, 2

[47] U.S. 251 (1918).

[48] Adkins v. Children's Hospital, 261 U.S. 525 (1923).

[49] Abrams v. United States, 250 U.S. 616 (1919).

[50] See supra notes 46, 47, and 48, and infra note 87, for examples of these cases.

[51] 198 U.S. 45 (1905).

[52] Id.

[53] Id.

[54] Id.

[55] Schwartz, supra note 1, at 192-98.

[56] Id. at 196.

[57] Id. at 198.

[58] Lochner, 198 U.S. at 75.

[59] Schwartz, supra note 1, at 198.

[60] Id.

[61] 1 Cranch 137 (U.S. 1803).

[62] Id.

[63] 6 Cranch 87 (U.S. 1810).

[64] Schwartz, supra note 1, at 183-84.

[65] Id. at 220.

[66] Id.

[67] Id.

[68] Id.

[69] Schwartz, supra note 1, at 244-45.

[70] Hirsch, supra note 3, at 390.

[71] Schwartz, supra note 1, at 196.

[72] Id. at 244-45.

[73] Id. at 179.

[74] Lochner, 198 U.S. at 76.

[75] Schwartz, supra note 1, at 244-45.

[76] 247 U.S. 251 (1918).

[77] Schwartz, supra note 1, at 212.

[78] Hammer v. Dagenhart, 247 U.S. 251 (1918).

[79] Id.

[80] Schwartz, supra note 1, at 212-13.

[81] Id.

[82] Id.

[83] Id.

[84] Hammer, 247 U.S. at 280.

[85] Id.

[86] Schwartz, supra note 1, at 212.

[87] 257 U.S. 312 (1921).

[88] Id.

[89] Id.

[90] Schwartz, supra note 1, at 217.

[91] Truax, 257 U.S. at 342.

[92] Id.

[93] 261 U.S. 525 (1923).

[94] Id.

[95] Schwartz, supra note 1, at 219.

[96] Adkins v. Children's Hospital, 261 U.S. 525 (1923).

[97] Schwartz, supra note 1, at 219-20.

[98] Id. at 221.

[99] 250 U.S. 616 (1919).

[100] Schwartz, supra note 1, at 222.

[101] Abrams v. United States, 250 U.S. 616 (1919).

[102] Id.

[103] Schwartz, supra note 1, at 221.

[104] Id. at 222.

[105] Schenck v. United States, 249 U.S. 47 (1919).

[106] Id. at 52.

[107] Abrams v. United States, 250 U.S. 616 (1919).

[108] Id.

[109] Id.

[110] Schwartz, supra note 1, at 244-45.

[111] See supra notes 46, 47, 48, and 87 for examples of laissez-faire-era cases where Holmes believed it was better to defer to the majority.

[112] See Abrams v. United States, 250 U.S. 616 (1919).

[113] Schwartz, supra note 1, at 244-45.

[114] Hirsch, supra note 3, at 390.

[115] Schwartz, supra note 1, at 256.

[116] A fantastic example of this is Professor Schwartz's historical account of the Supreme Court and its Justices. Bernard Schwartz, A History of The Supreme Court (1993).

[117] Schwartz, supra note 1, at 221 (American Federation of Labor v. American Sash Co., 335 U.S. 538, 543 (1949)).

[118] Id. at 220.

[119] Justice Holmes retired from the bench in 1932. Aichele, supra note 7, at 171.

[120] Schwartz, supra note 1, at 231-38.

[121] Id. at 230.

[122] Id. at 231-33.

[123] Id.

[124] Id. at 218.

[125] Schwartz, supra note 1, at 232.

[126] Id. at 233-34.

[127] 300 U.S. 379 (1937).

[128] 301 U.S. 1 (1937).

[129] Schwartz, supra note 1, at 236-41.

[130] Id. at 234.

[131] Hirsch, supra note 3, at 390.

[132] Id.

[133] Abrams v. United States, 250 U.S. 616 (1919).

[134] Hirsch, supra note 3, at 390.

[135] Id.

[136] Schwartz, supra note 1, at 183.

[137] Id. at 200-02.

[138] Id. at 244-45.

[139] Id. at 231-38.

[140] Hirsch, supra note 3, at 390 n.32.